Toxicity of antimony substances

Antimony (Stibium, Sb) is a metalloid or semimetal that is widely used due to its metallic and nonmetallic properties. It is utilized in various materials and applications that are critical for human safety and play an essential role in the clean energy transition. Antimony trioxide acts as a synergist with halogenated flame retardants in polymers to prevent the spread of fire. Lead batteries, which contain antimonial lead alloys, are fundamental for mobility and the energy transition. These batteries help to start and operate vehicles, including backup power for electric vehicles. Antimony compounds are also used in brake pads and plastics production.

In light of potential health risks associated with the inhalation of certain antimony compounds, EU authorities have requested additional data to better evaluate systemic effects. For this purpose, the Fraunhofer ITEM has been commissioned by the International Antimony Association (i2a), a Brussels-based organization representing manufacturers, importers, and users of various antimony substances. The aim of the study is to investigate subchronic inhalation toxicity with new endpoints such as cardiovascular and toxicokinetic effects. The findings will contribute to a comprehensive risk assessment and help consolidate the existing data. Fraunhofer ITEM’s extensive experience and expertise in inhalation toxicology and the conduct of inhalation studies, from aerosol generation to the interpretation of collected data, are crucial for the success of the study.